![]() Animal populations are inhibited by toxic substances, vehicles, and the loss of habitat and food sources.Pollution and physical barriers to root growth promote loss of urban tree cover.Urban development can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as flash flooding.Railroads led to new transportation hubs appearing in the interior of North America. Counterurbanization Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries. Large volumes of uncollected waste create multiple health hazards. Electric trolleys enabled people to commute from farther away from the city. The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.Automobile exhaust produces elevated lead levels in urban air.But in cities two of the most pressing problems facing. Concentrated energy use leads to greater air pollution with significant impact on human health. Half of the global population already lives in cities, and by 2050 two-thirds of the world's people are expected to live in urban areas.Intensive urban growth can lead to greater poverty, with local governments unable to provide services for all people.Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell. ![]() Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. But in cities two of the most pressing problems facing the world today also come together: poverty and environmental degradation. Half of the global population already lives in cities, and by 2050 two-thirds of the world's people are expected to live in urban areas. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities.
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